Անգլերեն

Some people are of the opinion that technology has made young people happier because it has made their life more interesting. Others think that technology has made young people’s life more stressed in physical environment because they feel at ease in virtual environment.

What is your opinion?

It is true that technology made our life interesting. Sometimes we might get too attached to them, and yes it is possible that some may find comfort in that virtual enviroment. Still I dont agree that all young people are stressed in physical enviroment, some may, but in general no. There are some shy or socially awkward young people that have hard time communicating with other people, but those kind of people always existed, its not like they were the creations of the internet. Many people judge young people for being »overly attached» to their phones or the internet, well, they shouldn’t be judged. The world now relies on technology and we cant picture 21st century without them, but I agree that we need to use it less often and use them for good reasons.

The importance of Education

Education makes people independent. Furthermore, it increases knowledge, strengthens the mind, and forms character. Moreover, education enables people to put their potentials to optimum use.

Education is also a type of reform for the human mind. Without education, the training of the human mind would always remain incomplete.

Education makes a person an efficient decision-maker and a right thinker. Moreover, this is possible only with the help of education. This is because education acquaints an individual with knowledge of the world around him and beyond, besides teaching the individual to be a better judge of the present.

A person that receives education shall have more avenues for the life of his choice. Moreover, an educated person will be able to make decisions in the best possible manner. This is why there is such a high demand for educated people over uneducated people for the purpose of employment.

Without education, a person would feel trapped. One can understand this by the example of a man who is confined to a closed room, completely shut from the outside world, with no way to exit it. Most noteworthy, an uneducated person can be compared to this confined man.

Education enables a person to access the open world. Furthermore, a person without education is unable to read and write. Consequently, a person without education would remain closed to all the knowledge and wisdom an educated person can gain from books and other mediums.

The literacy rate of India stands at around 60% in comparison to more than 80% literacy rate of the rest of the world. Moreover, the female literacy rate is 54.16% in accordance with the 2001 population census. These figures certainly highlight the massive problem of lack of education in India.

To promote education, the government of India takes it as a national policy. The intention of the government is to target the very cause of illiteracy. As such, the government endeavours to eradicate illiteracy, which in turn would lead to the eradication of poverty.

The government is running various literacy programmes like the free-education programme, weekend and part-time study programme, continuing education programme, mid-day meal programme, adult literacy programme, etc. With the consistent success rate of these programmes, hopefully, things will better.

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What do you think about stereotypes? Are you against any Armenian stereotypes?

To answer this questions first of all we need to understand what is a stereotype. Stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people. By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have. Stereotypes can be positive or negative, such as when various nationalities are stereotyped as friendly or unfriendly. We often find people stereotyped around characteristics of age( “All teenagers love rock and roll and have no respect for their parents.”), sex (“Men love football.”), race (“All Japanese look and think alike.”),religion(“All Catholics love the Pope more than their country.”), profession(“All lawyers are greedy.”) and nationality(“All Germans are Nazis”).

Objects can be stereotyped around characteristics of places (“All cities are corrupt and sinful.” “Small towns are safe and clean.” “In England, it rains all the time.”) and things (“All Korean cars are cheaply made.”).

It has it’s advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to respond rapidly to situations because we may have had a similar experience before. One disadvantage is that it makes us ignore differences between individuals, therefore we think things about people that might not be true.

As we can see stereotyping is neither good or a bad thing and it’s impossible to get rid of. Stereotyping goes way beyond race and gender. Consider conversations you have had about people from the next town, another department in your company, supporters of other football teams, and so on. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world, since they reduce the amount of processing (thinking) we have to do when we meet a new person.

So after truly understanding what are stereotypes, I have come to a conclusion that I am not against or for them.

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Today, the very existence of human life on planet earth, along with the life of other flora and fauna is threatened up to a large extent by the pollution. Pollution affects everything essential for survival – natural resources, species, health etc.

When any external unwanted substance, generated by a human activity enters into the environment, it causes pollution. Causes of pollution are always human induced and the natural cause of pollution is almost negligible.

There are a number of human activities those cause pollution. Tons of toxic waste generated as a byproduct in factories is left into the rivers and streams, polluting them; thousands of cubic meters of harmful gases are released by transportation vehicles, polluting the air; improperly disposed waste from urban settlements, got strewn on land and water, resulting in land as well as water pollution.

Now that we have got an idea on what is pollution, we will move on to discussing some of the significant effects of pollution.

Pollution has a widespread effect on the environment as discussed below-

1) Polluted Air

Pollution contaminates the natural air, making it harmful to breathe. For example toxic gases released by transportation vehicles mix with the air, resulting in its pollution. When this air is inhaled by a human or animal, it causes severe respiratory ailments. Some species of animals and plants, which are highly sensitive to such kind of pollution, die.

2) Polluted Water Bodies

Improper disposal of waste generated by areas of human settlements cause this waste to reach our naturally occurring water bodies in form of runoff. The urban waste consists of several toxic compounds including plastic. This waste is non biodegradable and stays in water, making it hazardous to consume. It also results in the depletion of aquatic species population which are highly sensitive to pollution.

3) Soil Toxicity

Pollution cause due to agricultural activities like the use of chemical fertilizers, result in toxicity of the soils. Chemical fertilizers are made up of harmful chemical compounds, which got mixed with the soil, ultimately making it toxic. It affects the species of flora as well as fauna those depend on the purity of the soil for their survival.

4) Species Depletion

One of the most prominent effects of pollution on the environment is the depletion of species. When polluting substances get mixed with our natural resources, it harms the living species in some way or the other. Gaseous pollutants, cause severe respiratory ailments and decrease the life expectancy of the fauna and flora as well.

5) Global Warming

Global warming is one of the main effects of pollution which leads to a number of environmental effects. Gaseous pollutants like Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) released due to the burning of fossil fuels, stays in the atmosphere resulting in greenhouse effect. Green house effect, on the other hand is responsible for a number of factors like unexpected, climatic changes resulting in droughts, famine etc; depletion in aquatic species like coral reefs, fishes etc.

Conclusion

The effect of pollution on the environment is far and wide. Not only the pollution effects present but also threaten the future of several species if no concrete action to prevent pollution is taken. The rate at which the pollution is being damaged is way too more than it could be repaired. It might take centuries to reverse the damages that we have done to the environment, that too it won’t be an easy task and will require strict discipline and will to tackle pollution

(1)

A: 2)  have written

 3) have you seen

4) haven't been learning

5) has been snowing

6) haven't rented

B: 2) will call / get

3) don't / will miss

4) won't let / aren't

C: 2) I might stay in tonight

3) I won't propably finish this today.

4) He is likely to be hungry when he gets home.

(2)

A: 2) media

 3) full time

4) qualification

5) entertainment

6) health care

7) resign

8) employer

9) finance

10 ) homework

B: 2) unless

3) untill

4) when

5) unless

C: 2) about

3) about

4) for

5) for

1.    Public speeches. Imagine that you are to give a speech. Try to choose an idea and write a speech.

Does money make the world go round?

No, it doesn't.

Money is just a medium of exchange between people It has value only as long as we have faith in each other, our society our government, our monetary systems. Otherwise it's just a piece of paper. But the way we relate to money is a very important determinant of how we live our lives. Money seems like it makes the world go round because of how intertwined it has become with our lives. Money is what makes people get up in the morning and go to their jobs, Thus, it can't really make the world go round if the world can still spin without it, so it only makes it seem like money is what drives everything. It's because we as a society, have forgotten who we are and what money is in reality.

2. Home reading.   “The Necklace”
Read the text and write your viewpoint, answer the questions

1.What is the moral to the story “The Necklace” by Guy de Maupassant? What sayings sum up the story?

The moral of  "The Necklace," is to be happy with what you have. Throughout the story, Mathilde Loisel is unsatisfied with her life.

2.What happens after the end of the short story, “The Necklace”? After reading through this short story, it seems there is still something more to continue. Would you mind describing what will happen next?

After the ball, she realizes that she has lost the necklace. She and her husband borrow money to replace the necklace.  Madame Forestier reveals that her original necklace had been a fake. In the end, Madame Loisel claims to be content in life

3. What is the plot of “The Necklace”?

The story begins with a description of one of the main characters, Madame Loisel.  She is pretty and charming, but she and her husband are not financially affluent.  Madame Loisel has always dreamed a living the high life--a large house, lots of servants, and money to burn.  However, that is not the life Fate has dealt them.  Ashamed of her present state, Madame Loisel no longer visits her old school friend, Madame Forestier, who has all those things.

4. What would Mathilde Loisel’s life have been like if she hadn’t lost the necklace in “The Necklace”?

If Mathilde Loisel did not lose the necklace nothing would have changed for her.  She would have gone on being poor and miserable, longing for more.

     3. Listening .  What is freedom? 
     Write your perception of freedom.

Freedom means different things to different people and different age groups too. Even less than a century ago, you needed to be super rich to enjoy even basic freedoms.  Freedom, in simple words, is not caring what others will say, Freedom is living life the way you want it and taking experience from it, being able to be the person you want to be, being able to speak freely,  To earn money and manage them on your own or to learn your passion without bothering about money. To have your own space in relationship or to get rid of oppressive government. To have courage to say NO to something you don’t like or sometimes one YES to make things better then before, keeping you ego aside.

15.04.2020 Online Lesson

Hometask.  504 Essential Words. slide 35 Learn all the words and make up sentences of your own

femine-Her voice was soft and as feminine as her shape

 mounted-She mounted her bicycle and rode away.

Dread-Her greatest dread was that she would lose her job

Competed-She competed against students from around the country.

Masculine-The masculine voice was sharp and commanding

Menace-He's a menace to everything

Tendency-I didn't particularly want to but I've always had a tendency to please.

Underestimated-The city underestimated the cost of the new building.

Victorious-instead of victorious, she felt only regret.

Convert the words so that they correspond lexically and grammatically

Tourism in Britain

Tourism is already Britain’s fifth most important industry and it is also the fifth largest tourist industry in the world. It’s growing RAPIDLY: the number of people employed in the industry increased by more than 50,000 a year. Britain has a rich and varied cultural heritage. COLOURFUL royal ceremonies attract millions of visitors each year. London has an international reputation for its historic sites, museums and famous institutions. A city of infinite colour and VARIETY, London is both historic and unceasingly modern, at the forefront of fashion, music and art.  Historic cities such as Oxford, Cambridge and Bath are visited by large numbers of FOREIGNERS. People who travel to Scotland, the Lake District and other areas of upland Britain find unique EXCITING places and scenery which can vary over short distances. Some of the most popular ATTRACTIONS outside London are the Jorvik Viking Centre in York, the Tudor ship in Portsmouth and National museum of Photography in Bradford.

Assignment for 03.04.2020

Read the text and match the titles with the paragraphs

Geography
1) Lithuania is situated on the eastern Baltic coast and borders Latvia in the north, the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation and Poland in the southwest, and Belarus in the southwest and east. The geometrical centre of Europe lies in eastern Lithuania 25km north of its capital Vilnius. The landscape varies between lowland plains and hilly uplands and has a complex network of rivers.

Modern History
2)Lithuania has historically been the least developed of the Baltic republics, with a smaller industrial base and greater dependence on agriculture. Sugar beet, cereals, potatoes and vegetables are the main crops. Lithuania’s foreign trade was gradually changing during the 1990s, and now the European Union, not Russia, is its main trading partner.

 National Language
3) Lithuanian is the mother tongue for 80% of the population. After the country joined the European Union in 2004 this language has become one of the EU official languages. Lithuania has a large number of dialects for such a small territory, including High Lithuanian and Low Lithuanian.

 Leisure and Sport
4) Lithuania offers different opportunities for a nice vacation. You can explore a range of large sand dunes and pine forests while hiking in the Curonian Spit National Park, take part in some action sports in Nida, a village that makes a true paradise for sailing, windsurfing, paragliding and kiting, or try out more extreme sports, such as hot-air ballooning and gliding.

5) customs and traditions
Those who are interested in folklore may enjoy their stay in Lithuania in any season of the year. The Mardi Gras celebrations are held in various Lithuanian cities and small towns at the beginning of February. The Folklore Festival is held in Vilnius’ Old Town during in May. There you can see craft fairs, taste traditional dishes, join song and parties and listen to psalms.

Freedom of Media
6)Lithuania’s TV market is dominated by commercial channels. The radio market is similarly competitive. Lithuania’s media are free and operate independently of the state, and there are no government-owned newspapers. However, politicians do occasionally attempt to influence editorial policy.

 Public Transport
7)In cities and towns there are buses and trolleybuses, which usually run from 05.00 to 23.00, but times do vary between routes. You can’t pay the fare to the driver in cash but you can buy coupons from him. Coupons can be also bought at news kiosks before boarding. Minibuses are less crowded but more expensive.

Assignments for   31.03.04–02.04.2020
NEF Student’s Book Grammar points  slide  151 5A/,ab, 5B/a,b  5C/,b

5A/a
1)I´m exhausted! I don´t fancy going tonight.
2)We´d better do some shopping if we want to cook tonight.
3)I´m very impatient. I can´t stand waiting in queues.
4)She tends to get angry when people disagree with her.
5)My parents used to make me tidy my room every morning.
6)I´d rather not coming tonight. I need to study.
7)I can´t wait working on holiday!
8I don´t mind to have late tonight if I can leave early tomorrow.
9)Do you happen seeing her phone number?
10)I´ll never forget to call the Grand Canyon. It's really long!

5A/a
1) I'll never forget seeing the Grand Canyon for the first time.
2) He needs to call the helpline. His computer has crashed.
3) Have you tried taking a tablet to help you sleep?
4) I must have my keys somewhere. I can remember locking the door this morning.
5) we run home because we had forgotten to turn the oven off.
6) Their house needed painting. So they called to painters.
7) Did you remember to send  your sister a card? it's her birthday today.
8) We tried to learn to ski last winter, but we weren't very good at it.

5B/a
1) Nowdays I use to go to bed early. 
2) When we visited our friends in London we couldn't  get used drinking tea with breackfast.
3) Sorry, I am not used to staying up so late. I'm usually in bed midnight.
4) There used to be a cinema in our village, but it closed down three years ago.
5) Paul used to have a beard when he was younger.
6) A I don't think I could work at night.
B It's not so bad. I am used to it now.
7) Did you use to wear a uniform at your school?

5B/b
1) When Nathan started his first job, he couldn't get used to getting  up at 6 a.m.
2) If you want to lose weight, then you'll have to get used to eating less.
3) I don't have dinner at 10:00 - I am no used to having a meal so late.
4) When we were children we used to spend all day playing football in the park.
5) Jasmine has been a nurse all her life so she is used to working nights.
6) I've never worn glasses before, bit I'll have to get used to wearing them.
7) I didn't recognize you! You used to have long hair, didn't you?
8) Amelia is an only child. She isn't used to  sharing her things.

5C/a
1. Jamie insisted on paying for the meal.
2. Lauren has agreed to work late next week.
3. I warned Jane not to walk through the park at night.
4. Jacob admitted stealing the woman’s handbag.
5. The doctor advised Lily to give up  coffee.
6. Our boss persuade Megan not to leave the company.
7. Freya accused me of trying to steal her boyfriend.
8. I apologize to Evie for not remembering her birthday.

5C/b
1. Ryan said, ‘Let’s go for a walk. It’s beautiful day.
Ryan suggest going for a walk.
3. Sam’s neighbour told him, ‘I’ll call the police if you have any more parties.’
Sam’s neighbor threatened to call the police if he had any more parties.
4. The children said, We didn't writte on the wall.
The children refused writting on the wall
5. Simon said to me, ‘Would you like to have dinner with me?’
Simon invited me to have dinner with him.
6. Molly said to Jack, ‘Don’t forget to go to the dentist.
Molly reminded Jack to go to the dentist.

Assignments for 30.03.2020
Writing. You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen-friend  who writes
Choose one of the letters  and answer back

… Summer is coming and I want to look my best: healthy, energetic and physically fit. So I’m trying to eat plain, simply cooked natural food, have enough sleep at night and I have recently joined our local fitness club. Do you do anything special to stay healthy? What makes people healthy and strong? What do you think about a healthy lifestyle?

By the way, I’m going to spend a month at the seaside this summer…

Dear Mary,

Thank you for your letter. 
I hope that all your efforts will show a great result. I try to avoid unhealthy and fat food. Also I train every morning.
I think that sport and healthy food are the most important components of being healthy and strong. Nowadays, the healthy lifestyle becomes more and more popular and I don’t see anything bad in it.
With whom are you going to the seaside? Why have you decided to spend the month there? What exactly are you going to do?

Best wishes,
Vardan.

Assignments 17.03.2020

A good night’s sleep — an impossible dream?

Tonight, do yourself a favor. Shut off the TV, log off the Internet and unplug the phone. Relax, take a bath, maybe sip some herbal tea. Then move into the bedroom. Set your alarm clock for a time no less than eight hours in the future, fluff up your pillows and lay your head down for a peaceful night of restorative shut-eye. That’s what American doctors advise.

American sleep experts are sounding an alarm over America’s sleep deficit. They say Americans are a somnambulant nation, stumbling groggily through their waking hours for lack of sufficient sleep. They are working longer days — and, increasingly, nights — and they are playing longer, too, as TV and the Internet expand the range of round-the-clock entertainment options. By some estimates, Americans are sleeping as much as an hour and a half less per night than they did at the turn of the century — and the problem is likely to get worse.

The health repercussions of sleep deprivation are not well understood, but sleep researchers point to ills ranging from heart problems to depression. In a famous experiment conducted at the University of Chicago in 1988, rats kept from sleeping died after two and a half weeks. People are not likely to drop dead in the same way, but sleep deprivation may cost them their lives indirectly, when an exhausted doctor prescribes the wrong dosage or a sleepy driver weaves into someone’s lane.

What irritates sleep experts most is the fact that much sleep deprivation is voluntary. “People have regarded sleep as a commodity that they could shortchange,” says one of them. “It’s been considered a mark of very hard work and upward mobility to get very little sleep. It’s a macho attitude”. Slumber scientists hope that attitude will change. They say people have learned to modify their behavior in terms of lowering their cholesterol and increasing exercise. Doctors also think people need to be educated that

allowing enough time for sleep and taking strategic naps are the most reliable ways to promote alertness behind the wheel and on the job.

Well, naps would be nice, but at the moment, employers tend to frown on them. And what about the increasing numbers of people who work at night? Not only must they work while their bodies’ light-activated circadian rhythms tell them to sleep, they also find it tough to get to sleep after work. Biologists say night workers have a hard time not paying attention to the 9-to-5 day because of noises or family obligations or that’s the only time they can go to the dentist. There are not too many dentists open at midnight.

As one might imagine, companies are springing up to take advantage of sleeplessness. One of the companies makes specially designed shift-work lighting systems intended to keep workers alert around the clock. Shiftwork’s theory is that bright light, delivered in a controlled fashion, can help adjust people’s biological clocks. The company president says they are using light like a medicine. So far, such special lighting has been the province of NASA astronauts and nuclear power plant workers. He thinks that in the future, such systems may pop up in places like hospitals and 24-hour credit-card processing centers. Other researchers are experimenting with everything from welder’s goggles (which night workers wear during the day) to human growth hormones. And, of course, there is always what doctors refer to as “therapeutic caffeine use”, but everyone is already familiar with that.

So, is a good night’s sleep an impossible dream for Americans? Maybe so.

1)What is the advice of American doctors?
2)What kind of nation do Americans like?
3)Why is there a tendancy of sleep?
4)What is the main aim of specially designed shift-work lighting system?

Assignments  for 16.03.2020
Gerund and Infinitive
Put in the infinitive or the -ing form of the verb in brackets.
1. I was overjoyed to you at the party.
2. The nuclear station is not likely to blow up although it may shut down.
3. Janice was sad to see such poverty when she visited India.
4. It’s possible to work all day without being disturbed.
5. You are free  to leave any time you want to.
6. You should be able to practise singing every day.
7. Scientists are hoping  to discover a new chemical element.
8. I don’t mind people asking me questions.
9. He works too slowly to be any use to me.
10. He can ‘t stand waiting for other people.
11. I guess there is no point sitting around here any longer.
12. The lemonade was cool enough for us to drink
13. Please stop interputing me when I am trying to explain something.
14. I’ve forgotten  to buy flowers for my girlfriend’s birthday.
15. I simply can’t afford to waste time trying to explain this to you.
16. The thief admitted entering the house but says he didn’t take anything.
17. I don’t really fancy spending my holidays in Spain.
18. I apologised to her but she refused to accept it.
19. He offered to help me to reapir my motorcycle.
20. Why does John keep writting to you?

C

Complete the report by putting the verbs in the correct form, using ing or to.

Swimmer abandons Channel swim
James Forsyth has decided (1) to abandon his second attempt at
(2) swimming the English Channel after (3) breaking his ankle in a
cycling accident. His decision (4) to postpone this attempt came after a two
week holiday (5) mountainbiking  in Majorca with his wife. His first attempt
was also unsuccessful and he is unlikely (6) to be  back training for quite a few
months. He said in a recent interview that he had not yet decided whether
(7) to try one more time, but denies (8) losing total interest in
the project. ‘I aim (9) to raise money for a local charity’ he explained. He
continued by (10) saying that if he could manage (11) to find theime, he would do a lot more charity work.

the sentences with either the infinitive or -ing form.
1. It is difficult to find a place to park in this town.
2. Peter prefers driving rather than traveling by train.
3. It’s time to clean this kitchen.
4. She was sitting in her armchair watching television.
5. I can’t help falling  in love with you.
6. I’ve given up trying to communicate with John.
7. There is no point spending too long on the individual questions.
8. She used to to say she would return to her job when the children grew up.
9. If you put off explaining it to her, then it will only become worse.
10. Many dream of winning the lottery so that they never have to work again.

Թունիսում պայթյուն է եղել։ Պայթյունը տեղի տեղի է ունեցել ԱՄՆ-ի դեսպանատան մոտ։ Երկու տղամարդ մոտոցիկլով վարել են ոստիկանական մեքենայի վրա։ Երկու տղամարդիկ և մեկ ոստիկան մահացել են։

Հինգ հոգի տեղափոխվել են հիվանդանոց։ Թունիսի պաշտոնյաները ասում են, որ դա ահաբեկչական հարցակում է եղել։ Սակայն նրանք չգիտեն, թե, որ ահաբեկչական խմբին են պատկանել այդ երկու տղամարդիկ։

2015-ին 3 ահաբեկչական հարցակումներ հարցակումներ են տեղի ունեցել Թունիսում։ Երկրում իրավիճակը վտանգավոր է։ Թունիսի խորհրդարանը պետք է կառավարի իրավիճակը։ Կան ահաբեկչական խմբեր։ Նրանք ուզում են սպանել մարդկանց։ Անվտանգ չէ ուղեվորվել Թունիսի որոշ հատվածներ։

There is an explosion in Tunisia. The explosion happens near the US embassy. Two men on a motorcycle drive into a police car. Both men and one police officer die.

Five other people end up in a hospital. Tunisia officials say that it is a terrorist attack. However, they do not know which terrorist group the two men belong to.

In 2015, three terrorist attacks happen in Tunisia. The situation in the country is dangerous. The Tunisian government must control the situation. There are terrorist groups. They want to kill people. It is not safe to travel to some parts of Tunisia.

Knives Out Review

Knives Out, writer-director Rian Johnsons fun, carefully plotted whodunnit, the mystery changes halfway through the film. At the start, the rich, spoiled Thrombey family gathers together after the death of patriarch Harlan Thrombey a successful whodunnit author who committed suicide. However, private eye Benoit Blanc comes along to sniff out the truth, in disbelief that Thrombey took his own life. After all, the author has several vindictive, potentially murderous family members, from his creepy son Walt  to his rebellious grandson Ransom  whom Harlan decides to cut out of his will. But midway through the film, it’s revealed that Harlan did commit suicide, and a new mystery emerges.

1. Getting around the city

2. Always in a hurry

3. Unknown side of the city

4. Winning and losing

5. The city of skyscrapers

6. For the holiday and more

7. Saving the variety

8. Nickname for a building

A. New York is really the melting pot of the world. Over 30 percent of its residents have come from abroad. It is believed that the city has the greatest linguistic diversity on the planet. There are over 800 different languages spoken by its people. As some of these languages are nearly extinct, the City University of New York has begun a project called the Endangered Language Alliance. Its aim is to preserve rare languages like Bukhari, Vhlaski, and Ormuri.

B. New Yorkers love to think they know everything about their city: where to find the best fruit, how to avoid paying full price at museums, what route to take to avoid traffic. But New York City can reveal new treasures even to its veterans. Beyond the city where New-Yorkers work, eat, play and commute every day lies a hidden New York: mysterious, forgotten, abandoned or just overlooked. There are places about which you’re not likely to read in any guidebook.

C. The Chrysler Building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan for getting the title of the tallest skyscraper in the world. The Bank was likely to triumph, with its height of 282 meters. But the spire of the Chrysler Building was constructed in secret inside the tower. Just one week after the Bank of Manhattan was finished, it was put in place, making it 318 meters tall and beating the Bank. It wouldn’t keep this title for long: one year later the Empire State Building was erected.

D. The Flatiron Building was constructed between 1901 and 1903 at the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. It was designed by Chicago’s Daniel Burnham as a steel-frame skyscraper covered with white terra-cotta. Built as the headquarters of the Fuller Construction company, the skyscraper was meant to be named Fuller Building. But locals soon started calling it “Flatiron” because of its unusual shape. The name stuck and soon became

official.

E. How does Rockefeller Center manage to find the perfect fur-tree each Christmas season? They do aerial searches by helicopter, of course, and bring it to the city during the night when there isn’t much traffic on the streets. After the tree is taken down for the year, it continues to be useful. For example, in 2005 Habitat for Humanity used the wood to make doorframes for houses for the poor and in 2012 the paper was used to publish a book.

F. In New York life never stands still. People have to call cabs, ride subway cars, do business of all kinds, eat pizzas and sandwiches for lunch. When you multiply that by more than eight million people in less than 500 square miles, you get the idea: everyone goes everywhere as fast as it is humanly possible. Whatever you do, don't stop in the middle of the sidewalk or you’ll make everyone around you incredibly angry.

G. New York is extremely easy to navigate. Manhattan is divided into numbered streets from north to south and avenues from east to west. It’s almost impossible to get lost there. Buses are useful to travel around Manhattan, and the subway is the best means of transport to the other parts of the city. At some stage you’ll definitely use a yellow taxi. Try to get one on an avenue that’s going in the same direction you are – you’ll save time and money. And don’t forget to leave a tip for the driver.

Grammer

1.Some people think that the rich don’t pay enough tax.

2. Which shoes do you like the best? I like the red ones.

3. I got a beautiful Italian leather bag for my birthday.

4. We had been driving for about five hours when we decided to stop and rest.

5. When we got to Terminal 2, the flight form London had already landed.

6. As soon as we arrived at the airport, we checked in.

7. Her father speaks English very fluently.

8. I just need another five minutes I’ve nearly finished.

9. The driver was seriously injured in the accident.

10. It was such a boring film that we left in the middle of it.

Complete the sentences with one word

1. The plane took off at 7.15 .
2. I’ve just found out that my boss is going to work for another company.
3. You’d better walk a bit faster if you don’t want to get left behind.
4. People here dress up a lot for weddings-long dresses and suits.
5. We chacked in as soon as we got to the airport.
6. My new jeans fit like a glove -they’re so comfortable.
7. I live quite near here ,at the end of this road.

Word groups. Choose the word that is different. Say why.

1.Hooded

2.smart

3.station

4.backpack

5.to hang up

6.friendly

Choose the right word

1.We haven’t seen each other much lately.

2.This skirt doesn’t fit me. It’s a bit too big.

3.The review is awful. You can’t even see the sea.

4.I’ve been working so hard that I think I need a holiday.

5.How much luggage have you got.

6.I love all pasta, especially lasagne.

7.Can I go in jeans? I don’t feel like getting changed.

Our signature is the part of our handwriting, that says the most about our personality. My signature is in Armenian. It contains first letter of my surname and initials of my first name. I decided create my signature on this way, because of I love my name. As mention in text I had positive fellengs about my childhood and my “private” self is more important than my “public” self (but, I a little bit disagree with this opinion).   My signature you can read clearly, and this means that I am a person with clear ideas. As my signature is horizontal , that means that my life is going well-balanced. And finally the size of my signature is not small and not big.

Letter

Dear Aram, We haven’t talked in a long time. As I know, you have graduated from university. Congratulations!. How do you do? Have you found a job? I have also heard , that your second operation was well, I hope you feel good. I have some news also. I continue my education in the “Mkhitar Sebastaci educomplex”, I have already decided, that I want to beacame a programmer and I started writing some basic cods. Well, that is all for now. please give my regards to your family. I hope see you next year. You are already half Armenian and I can surely say that it’s your second homeplace .